1	OGT Unit
2	Government
3	How Citizens Bring About Change What can be used by the citizens to show the government a need to bring about change? 1. Petitions 2. Amending the Constitution 3. Mass demonstrations 4. Interest groups lobby Congress
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5	"Susan B" Susan B. Anthony used civil disobedience By Voting illegally in a presidential election
6	"Conscientious Objectors" Conscientious Objectors People opposed to fighting Many were given non combat duties that attempted to meet the rights and responsibilities of all
7	Credibility All positions on issues and support for candidates must be based on facts (facts equal reliability) Credible (reliable) sources are based on facts Data that is credible compares apples to apples Statistics = numbers
8	"Exact words are the most..." Exact words are the most free of bias And are known as? Primary (original) sources This does not mean that the source is free of bias Ways for a source of information to gain credibility is to Identify the writer Express conclusions consistent with information Hand out sheet fact/opinion Martin L. King
9	"Sources of Opinion" Sources of Opinion editorials, political advertisements, Political Cartoons, PAC, movies, and novels written material often not reliable Political Action Committee
10	Restrictions on Freedoms Is protected by the First Amendment Speech – press – assembly –religion- petition Limits on Freedom of speech slander spoken untruths libel written untruths
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12	"What Supreme Court Case limited..." What Supreme Court Case limited free speech by upholding the Espionage Act Schenck v. U.S WHY? 1. Protect the security of the nation in times of war 2. clear and present danger 3. Threats to national security
13	"During the war in Vietnam..." During the war in Vietnam the supreme Court needed to weigh what balance when determining the threat of news articles critical of the war. Free speech v. national security
14	What makes the US more Democratic
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17	"The 24^th Amendment outlawed the..." The 24^th Amendment outlawed the Poll Tax illustrating the evolution of Democratic principles under the constitution
18	Forms of Government
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20	"Dictatorship" Dictatorship Gains power through Use or threat of force Secret Police One Party System in which if elections occur there is no real choice The only way to bring about change is through Revolution
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22	Absolute Monarchy Government based on Heredity The people have no say and no right or freedoms Inherited power with no limits Characterized by King & Queen
23	"Form of hereditary government where" Form of hereditary government where Powers of king are limited by law Citizens have rights and liberties Constitutional Monarchy
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25	Parliamentary Democracy Government in which the legislature has the most power
26	Presidential Democracy The executive and the legislative are directly accountable to the citizens
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28	Theocracy Based on theology Religion Characterized by Oppression of all who disagree
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30	"Compare the role of citizens..." Compare the role of citizens in selecting leaders in a dictatorship v. an absolute monarchy
31	"Why are protests more apt..." Why are protests more apt to happen in a parliamentary or presidential democracy than in an absolute monarchy? OGT Question 2006
32	Economics
33	"Adam Smith" Adam Smith Believed that the role of the government in economics was to protect freedoms and property Business is free of government regulation laissez faire Market Economy
34	"The right of the government..." The right of the government to take private property for public use Eminent Domain Balance the rights of the individual v a compelling interest to provide public services
35	Economic Systems How to answer the basic economic questions of what to make, how to produce and who gets what is made?
36	"Market" Market Consumers / people / private sector / make economic decisions Command Government controls all major industries and the means of production Mixed both consumers & government (public)
37	"Traditional" Traditional By custom how things have been done in past generations
38	Trade What hurts international trade? Tariffs There is less competition- Higher prices Less trade They can help individual industries Ecuador is the major exporter of bananas to the United States. What could the US do to assure the supply of bananas? Eliminate the tariff on bananas
39	Fiscal Policy Government influences the economy by raising or lowering taxes. Which government policy would most encourage expansion and modernization
40	Monetary Policy Review The Federal Reserve regulates the value of money by controlling the amount of money in circulation Tight v Easy money Fed sets the percent of peoples deposits banks must keep on reserve reserve requirement Fed sets the interest rate for member banks who borrow from the Fed discount rate
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42	"OGT Short Response Question" OGT Short Response Question One way the Federal Reserve system seeks to influence money supply in the United States is by setting the reserve requirement for banks. The reserve requirement is the percentage of deposits banks must keep on reserve and not lend out. Questions 1. Considering that the inflation rate rose significantly from 1976 to 1980, identify the change (increase or decrease) the Federal Reserve System could have made in the reserve requirement to reverse that trend.
43	"2" 2. Describe the expected impact this change in the reserve requirement would have had on: consumer spending business spending There will be less spending by both groups 3. Explain why this change in the reserve requirement would produce the desired effects on spending. Tight money
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46	"Global trade agreements are now..." Global trade agreements are now more often made between regions than individual countries. What accounts for this change? international trade blocs Such as? European Union or NAFTA Why is the European Union considered an economic region? Economies are more interdependent
47	World History
48	Enlightenment Natural Rights life – liberty – pursuit of happiness The right of the people - citizens to demand a role in their government Enlightenment encouraged the people to Engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments
49	"Enlightenment influenced the French" Enlightenment influenced the French, American and Latin American Revolutions by; Supporting movements for social and political change Enlightenment in 1800’s Europe spread the concept of free market based on? Natural laws govern human nature Supply demand competition
50	"The Declaration of Rights of..." The Declaration of Rights of Man (France) and Declaration of Independence (U.S.) were attempts to implement what concept? The drafting of constitutional protections Written document that protects people's basic rights Constitutions
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52	Industrialization Be able to make the connection between Agricultural Revolution Industrialization Urbanization Imperialism
53	"A major impact of the..." A major impact of the Industrial Revolution was Urbanization
54	"Improved agriculture" Improved agriculture, increased immigration and the railroads caused Urbanization
55	Describe two impacts of the Industrial Revolution on farming
56	Describe the impact of industrialization on working & living conditions Sweat Shops & Tenements Students read Life in Manchester list two conditions for each
57	18^th Century Imperialism The collecting of colonies to build empires 18^th Century Imperialism was based on the 3 Gs Gold- riches from natives Glory- fame for country God- convert to Christianity
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59	"19^th Century Imperialism was fostered..." 19^th Century Imperialism was fostered by the Industrial Revolution It was based on the need for
60	"What was the effect of..." What was the effect of European colonization on Africa? Loss of political independence Tribal authority Boundaries (not natural) - not based on ethnic or political similarities Exploited natural resources for the benefit of colonial powers
61	"The Philippines adopting Spanish and..." The Philippines adopting Spanish and then English as their official language reflected what? The effects of colonization on an indigenous people
62	World War I Why the League of Nations failed It had little power to stop acts of aggression Failure of the United States to join
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67	"Eastern European nations behind the..." Eastern European nations behind the Iron Curtain were perceived as a single nation based on; Economic & Political characteristics
68	Analyze two examples of how people in different cultures view events from different perspectives
69	1. Creation of Israel
70	"2" 2. Partition of India Gandhi lead the move to independence through civil disobedience
71	World War II Why did Europeans fail to stop Nazi aggression? Failure of the League of Nations United States to join League of Nations European Appeasement Disarmament treaties failed
72	"What was a major cause..." What was a major cause of WWII? Treaty of Versailles Germany lost land and colonies Germany had to admit responsibility for the war Limited the size of the German army & navy Germany was forced to pay harsh reparations WWI and it’s aftermath led to? The rise of dictatorship, fascism & WWII
73	"Results of World War II" Results of World War II Creation of Israel Wars of independence in colonial Africa The old colonial powers could no longer maintain colonies Creation of the United Nations To prevent future wars
74	Genocide ethnic cleansing The attempt to wipe out the following minorities Armenians - Rwanda - Bosnia Has caused The large displacement of people Minorities have fled to escape persecution Could be prevented by Support from democratic governments
75	"Nelson Mandela uses civil disobedience" Nelson Mandela uses civil disobedience
76	"American History" American History
77	Industrialization What was the impact of unionization on industrialization? Protected workers from unsafe working conditions and long workdays Explain one way that industrialization contributed to the rise of monopolies.
78	"Following the American Civil War..." Following the American Civil War the political power of industrialists increased for what reason? Government policy of laissez faire The development of department stores, sports, musicals and amusement parks Increased leisure time and disposable income
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80	Technology What has caused the decrease in the number of farmers in the United States since 1870? Improved Technology What impact did improved technology in the steel industry have on population centers? Greater population density Steel I beams and elevators
81	"What causes increased information and..." What causes increased information and rapid exchange of ideas? Technology Describe how global communications contributes to the exchange of cultural practices Improved communication
82	"Internet search engines that translate..." Internet search engines that translate into languages other than English have what impact? Increased opportunities for the exchange of cultural practices
83	Shifts in Population Immigration – migration – emigration 1. European immigration to America 18^th century – land 19^th & 20^th century – jobs 2. Great Migration Following World War I & II Blacks moving into Northern industrial jobs Domestic problem – race riots
84	"3" 3. The Dust Bowl Occurred during the Great Depression (1930’s) Emigration of farmers from the Great Plains to California 4. 2^nd half of the 20th century Movement into the suburbs automobile Movement from the Rust Belt to the Sunbelt Interstate highway system
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86	Imperialism The Spanish – American War was fought to Make the USA an imperial power and Protect American trade and commerce Protective tariff
87	"Causes of US Imperialism" Causes of US Imperialism Industrial revolution created a demand for; New markets Raw Materials
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89	"Identify consequences of the Homestead..." Identify consequences of the Homestead Act on Whites and Native Americans. Native Americans were Displaced from their homeland Forced onto reservations Killed by and disease starvation Not protected by the Constitution ODE – OGT see page 84
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92	"The Supreme Court Case that..." The Supreme Court Case that made segregation the law of the land Plessey v. Ferguson Restricted rights and freedoms of some Americans Supreme Case the made segregated schools illegal Brown v. Board
93	"The Harlem Renaissance illustrated what" The Harlem Renaissance illustrated what? Recognition of African-American culture Short Response Describe two economic effects of the Great Migration Describe the Great Migration and its influence on domestic affaires
94	"The Civil Rights movement led..." The Civil Rights movement led to other movements for the rights of minorities NAACP – end Jim Crow Laws & segregation National Association for the Advancement of Colored People What caused Blacks to move South in the 1970’s in a reverse Great Migration Success of the Civil Rights movement
95	"Special Interest Groups for Minorities" Special Interest Groups for Minorities NOW – demand equal pay and opportunities Betty Friedan – redefined the role of women National Organization of Women UFW –better pay and equal opportunity for migrant farm workers United Farm Workers AIM - To force the US government to honor treaties American Indian Movement American’s with Disabilities Act
96	Immigration & Multiculturalism People migrated from Europe to the U.S. in late 19th century for Jobs economic opportunity
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98	"Television viewing" Television viewing, travel on interstate highways and traveling by airplane have contributed to what trends in the United States? The exchange of cultural practices across regions of the United States
99	"How did economic" How did economic developments off the 1920’s cause the Great Depression? Difficulties in the economy easy credit buying of stock on the margin collapse of farm prices Bust of the housing market
100	"The Roaring 20’s and the..." The Roaring 20’s and the Counter Culture of the 60’s shared what trait? Rebellious youth
101	Great Depression Explain why president Hoover was opposed to increasing government spending to promote economic stability. He feared that increasing the national debt would cause more damage to the economy
102	Impact of Wars on American society What domestic problem faced America following both World War I and World War II Treatment of minorities
103	Identify three groups that were targeted by the US government and explain why they were targeted
104	"1" 1. The First Red Scare Caused by the Communist Revolution in Russia Attacks on immigrants and anarchists in the United States Sacco and Vanzetti Americans leave the United States as a result
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107	"Reckless accusations against supposed communists..." Reckless accusations against supposed communists in the government to gain political power McCarthyism Caused by; The fear of the spread of communism The failure to speak out against McCarthyism was damaging to democracy
108	"Was the conflict between the..." Was the conflict between the U.S. & USSR over economic and political rebuilding of Europe
109	"What was the result of..." What was the result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War ? Struggles for the political control of former Soviet Satellites
110	Describe two concerns of the US on Soviet expansion into Central and Eastern Europe. Include actions taken by the United States Berlin Cuban missile Crisis Chinese Civil War Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine
111	"“behind the iron curtain..." “behind the iron curtain refers to a single region based on; Economic and political characteristics The purpose of NATO was to Oppose acts of aggression by the Soviet Union North Atlantic Treaty Organization
112	"How did the Cold War..." How did the Cold War call for the US to keep military bases on Japanese soil? US forces were fighting in Korea How was the US policy of containment effected in Vietnam with the defeat of the French in 1954? US provides economic & military aid to anti communist in South Vietnam
113	Cuba Why did Cubans flee to America following Castro’s communist take over? Economic concerns Communism means the end of private property